Janvier 2025

6 janvier 2025

5236938 XZ25ZWN9 1 apa 50 creator asc 1 2459 https://trajectoiresjeunestrans.fr/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

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%20in%20using%20limited%20resources%20to%20study%20resolved%20research%20questions.%5B26%5D%20In%20a%20randomized%20clinical%20trial%2C%20the%20control%20group%20would%20typically%20receive%20psychotherapy%20for%20gender-incongruent%20puberty%20instead%20of%20medications%2C%20which%20would%20necessitate%20withholding%20beneficial%20gender-affirming%20care%20from%20participants%20when%20there%20is%20evidence%20that%20treatment%20prevents%20serious%20harm.%5B27%5D%20On%20the%20other%20hand%2C%20observational%20studies%20can%20include%20more%20diverse%20patient%20populations%20and%20offer%20greater%20specificity%20about%20experiences%20than%20randomized%20controlled%20studies.%20Larger%20observational%20studies%20with%20extended%20follow-ups%20can%20also%20identify%20long-term%20benefits%20or%20harms%20that%20are%20useful%20for%20clinical%20guidelines.%5B28%5D%20Treating%20this%20kind%20of%20evidence%20as%20insufficient%20to%20support%20trans%20care%20represents%20a%20biased%20approach%20that%20undermines%20the%20legitimacy%20of%20patient%20testimony%20in%20the%20development%20of%20an%20evidence%20base%20for%20trans%20individuals.%20The%20selective%20use%20of%20evidence%20constitutes%20a%20form%20of%20testimonial%20injustice%2C%20as%20an%20entire%20body%20of%20medical%20knowledge%20important%20to%2C%20and%20often%20generated%20by%2C%20those%20affected%20is%20systematically%20dismissed.%5CnThe%20Review%20limited%20meaningful%20involvement%20from%20trans%20patients%20and%20providers%20who%20had%20experience%20in%20the%20provision%20of%20gender-affirming%20care.%5B29%5D%20The%20Review%5Cu2019s%20Assurance%20Group%20%5Cu2014%20which%20was%20intended%20to%20provide%20%5Cu201cexpert%20advice%5Cu201d%20on%20the%20conduct%20of%20the%20review%20%5Cu2014%20explicitly%20left%20out%20trans%20voices%2C%20stating%20that%20its%20%5Cu201cMembers%20are%20independent%20of%20%5Cu2026%20providers%20of%20gender%20dysphoria%20services%2C%20and%20of%20any%20organisation%20or%20association%20that%20could%20reasonably%20be%20regarded%20as%20having%20a%20significant%20interest%20in%20the%20outcome%20of%20the%20Review.%5Cu201d%5B30%5D%20The%20logic%20of%20this%20exclusion%20was%20to%20ensure%20that%20nobody%20with%20a%20%5Cu201csignificant%20interest%20in%20the%20outcome%20of%20the%20review%5Cu201d%20would%20bias%20its%20results%20through%20their%20personal%20or%20professional%20commitments.%20This%20approach%20is%20analogous%20to%20attempting%20to%20eliminate%20bias%20from%20a%20panel%20shaping%20clinical%20guidelines%20for%20heart%20disease%20by%20excluding%20both%20cardiologists%20and%20heart%20disease%20patients.%20The%20problem%20is%20not%20merely%20that%20trans%20people%20and%20those%20with%20expertise%20in%20their%20care%20were%20excluded%20as%20experts.%20This%20approach%20also%20flies%20in%20the%20face%20of%20contemporary%20best%20research%20practices%20that%20treat%20both%20lived%20and%20professional%20experience%20as%20important%20forms%20of%20expertise.%20Trans%20people%20and%20the%20people%20who%20provide%20them%20with%20health%20care%20should%20have%20been%20actively%20involved%20in%20research%20that%20affects%20their%20lives%20and%20care.%20The%20deliberate%20exclusion%20of%20their%20voices%20from%20the%20review%20process%20is%20a%20clear%20example%20of%20testimonial%20injustice.%5CnThe%20Review%20excludes%20providers%20with%20experience%20in%20gender%20services%20due%20to%20the%20assumption%20of%20bias.%20In%20doing%20so%2C%20it%20implies%20that%20those%20who%20are%20empowered%20to%20lend%20their%20expertise%20are%20without%20bias.%20By%20treating%20only%20support%20for%20transgender%20adolescents%20as%20a%20disqualifying%20bias%2C%20the%20Review%20reviews%20its%20own%20normativity.%20The%20framework%20of%20testimonial%20injustice%20helps%20us%20to%20understand%20the%20links%20between%20the%20discounting%20of%20individual%20testimony%20about%20identity%20and%20the%20constitution%20of%20medical%20authority%20that%20translates%20such%20refusal%20to%20believe%20into%20refusal%20to%20provide%20care.%5CnIn%20addition%20to%20minimizing%20the%20input%20of%20patients%20and%20providers%20with%20lived%20experience%20in%20the%20Assurance%20Group%2C%20the%20Cass%20Review%20also%20included%20healthcare%20workers%20who%20explicitly%20deny%20trans%20identity%20in%20its%20%5Cu201conline%20multi-professional%20panel%20to%20explore%20issues%20around%20gender%20identity%20services.%5Cu201d%20When%20prompted%20with%20the%20statement%5Cn%5CnThere%20is%20no%20such%20thing%20as%20a%20trans%20child.%20Gender%20dysphoria%20is%20always%20an%20indicator%20of%20another%20underlying%20problem%2C%20and%20assessment%20should%20focus%20on%20understanding%20the%20causes%20of%20their%20distress.%5Cn%5Cn21%20percent%20of%20the%20panel%20responded%20that%20they%20strongly%20agree%20or%20agree.%20The%20authors%20of%20the%20Review%20may%20feel%20that%20excluding%20transgender%20people%20and%20the%20physicians%20who%20care%20for%20them%20preserves%20objectivi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0of%20testimonial%20injustice%20helps%20us%20to%20see%20how%20provider%20interactions%20like%20these%20exemplify%20the%20systemic%20prejudice%20that%20trans%20people%20and%20others%20who%20diverge%20from%20cisnormative%20expectations%20face%20when%20their%20credibility%20is%20discounted%2C%20and%20accounts%20of%20their%20own%20selves%20are%20deemed%20untrustworthy.%5B38%5D%5CnClinicians%5Cu2019%20skepticism%20about%20their%20adolescent%20patients%5Cu2019%20need%20for%20gender-affirming%20care%20may%20be%20rooted%20in%20an%20assessment%20that%20there%20is%20insufficient%20evidence%20to%20support%20gender%20affirmation%20as%20a%20standard%20of%20care.%20While%20the%20Cass%20Review%5Cu2019s%20findings%20of%20such%20evidentiary%20weakness%20have%20been%20strongly%20disputed%20by%20a%20number%20of%20analyses%20discussed%20elsewhere%20in%20this%20piece%2C%20we%20also%20posit%20that%20quibbling%20over%20what%20the%20evidence%20reveals%20is%20only%20part%20of%20the%20task%20of%20evaluating%20evidence.%20In%20the%20case%20of%20gender%20transition%2C%20where%20the%20denial%20of%20care%20will%20be%20experienced%20as%20a%20significant%20harm%20to%20the%20trans%20person%2C%20inaction%20%5Cu2013%20care%20refusal%20%5Cu2013%20must%20not%20be%20treated%20as%20a%20morally%20neutral%20option.%20Instead%2C%20care%20refusal%20must%20itself%20be%20regarded%20as%20having%20the%20potential%20to%20harm.%20Whether%20someone%20considering%20the%20ethics%20of%20gender-affirming%20care%20begins%20with%20an%20assumption%20that%20care%20provision%20or%20care%20denial%20ought%20to%20be%2C%20the%20status%20quo%20is%2C%20particularly%20in%20light%20of%20the%20vehemence%20of%20contemporary%20fights%20over%20access%20to%20gender-affirming%20care%2C%20more%20a%20question%20of%20values%20than%20it%20is%20of%20evidence.%5CnPhysicians%20often%20treat%20patients%20whose%20symptoms%20cannot%20be%20proven%20or%20diagnosed%20with%20%5Cu201cobjective%5Cu201d%20data.%20Myriad%20forms%20of%20routine%20medical%20care%20rely%20solely%20or%20primarily%20on%20patient%20testimony%3B%20not%20only%20is%20gender%20dysphoria%20unexceptional%20in%20this%20regard%20as%20a%20diagnosis%2C%20hormonal%20and%20surgical%20intervention%20to%20alleviate%20distress%20and%20bring%20about%20patient%20well-being%20is%20similarly%20standard%20medical%20procedure.%20Psychological%20and%20psychiatric%20care%20can%20often%20only%20be%20provided%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20patients%5Cu2019%20self-reported%20experiences%20of%20mental%20illness%2C%20as%20those%20illnesses%20may%20not%20generate%20measurable%20physical%20effects.%20For%20instance%2C%20conditions%20such%20as%20the%20excess%20breast%20tissue%20that%20indicates%20gynecomastia%20in%20cisgender%20men%20are%20similarly%20predicated%20on%20patient%20articulations%20of%20their%20own%20experiences%20and%20needs.%20In%20all%20these%20cases%2C%20self-related%20phenomena%20are%20clinically%20relevant%2C%20and%20although%20some%20may%20dismiss%20them%20as%20empirically%20intractable%2C%20doing%20so%20would%20clearly%20be%20a%20mistake.%5B39%5D%5CnHealthcare%20systems%20also%20pose%20various%20significant%20hurdles%20to%20accessing%20forms%20of%20gender-affirming%20care%2C%20including%20their%20criteria%20for%20insurance%20coverage%20approval.%20Insurers%5Cu2019%20criteria%20are%20unstandardized%20and%20often%20arbitrary.%20Yet%2C%20they%20profoundly%20shape%20the%20kind%20of%20care%20available%2C%20particularly%20given%20the%20economic%20precarity%20that%20prevents%20many%20trans%20people%20from%20paying%20for%20treatment%20out-of-pocket.%5B40%5D%20To%20secure%20coverage%2C%20trans%20individuals%20must%20frame%20their%20experience%20in%20accordance%20with%20insurers%5Cu2019%20standards%20rather%20than%20medical%20standards%20alone.%5B41%5D%20The%20need%20to%20provide%20persuasive%20accounts%20to%20unlock%20care%20forces%20trans%20people%20to%20conform%20to%20specific%2C%20deficit-based%20descriptions%20of%20their%20identities%20as%20pathological%20and%20the%20ambiguous%20definition%20of%20medical%20necessity%20used%20by%20insurance%20companies.%5B42%5D%20This%20system%20reflects%20a%20form%20of%20testimonial%20injustice%2C%20effectively%20requiring%20trans%20people%20to%20present%20strategic%20narratives%20to%20obtain%20care%20and%20mold%20their%20needs%20to%20fit%20the%20stringent%20requirements%20of%20insurance.%20The%20disparate%20insurance%20criteria%20for%20gender-affirming%20care%20undermines%20existing%20forms%20of%20evidence%20%5Cu2014%20which%20are%20primarily%20based%20on%20testimonies.%20It%20treats%20the%20knowledge%20that%20trans%20people%20possess%20about%20their%20bodies%20as%20insufficiently%20credible%20to%20warrant%20medical%20autonomy.%5B43%5D%20This%20is%20an%20unjust%20standard%20of%20evidence.%20In%20this%20way%2C%20even%20well-meaning%20providers%20sometimes%20subject%20trans%20patients%20to%20arbitrary%20barriers%20to%20care%20purely%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20their%20gender%20identity.%5CnConclusion%5CnAll%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Burgener, K., DeBosch, B., Wang, J., Lewis, C., & Herrick, C. (2025). Bicalutamide does not raise transaminases clinically significantly compared to alternative anti-androgen regimens among transfeminine adolescents and young adults: a retrospective cohort study. International Journal of Transgender Health, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2025.2452184

Burson, E., Renley, B. M., Layland, E. K., Rathus, T., Caba, A. E., Simon, K. A., Eaton, L. A., & Watson, R. J. (2025). Associations Between State-Level Structural Stigma and Sexual and Gender Minority Youth Mental Health. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-024-01073-5

Cheek, O. (2024). Sexual Satisfaction in Transgender Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse [Master’s Thesis, University of Windsor (Canada)]. https://search.proquest.com/openview/9522444381d64ec7dfc392cede971cb4/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

Chuncia-Ileczko, M., Czyż, W., Kacperczyk, J., Arczewski, F., Dziedzic, K., Kulbacka, J., Wojszczyk, M., Zys, D., Pasek, P., & Ryniecka, J. (2025). Impact of Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Analogue and Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in Transgender Adolescents. Quality in Sport, 37, 57200–57200. https://doi.org/10.12775/QS.2025.37.57200

Ciancia, S., Bruneel, L., Van Schuylenbergh, J., Klink, D., Dhondt, K., Heyse, R., Motmans, J., & Cools, M. (2025). The evolution of pediatric transgender healthcare in Flanders: Trends in referrals, intakes and gender-affirming interventions over the last 15 years. International Journal of Transgender Health, 0(0), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2025.2452996

Cicero, E., Chiow, J., & Flatt, J. (2024). Adverse childhood experiences and Alzheimer’s disease / dementia risk factors among transgender adults. Innovation in Aging, 8(Suppl 1), 764. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.2484

Depret, D., Rafael, R. de M. R., Acioli, S., Neto, M., Velasque, L. de S., & Knupp, V. M. A. de O. (2025). Relationship between childhood abuse and self-harm among transvestites and transgender women in Rio de Janeiro state 2019-2020. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 33, e2024337. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e2024337.especial.en

Evzonas, N. (2024). La transition de genre comme solution à l’énigme du sexuel. Cahiers de l’enfance et de l’adolescence, 12(2), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.3917/cead.012.0097

Gelly, M. A., Atgé-Delbays, S., & Sansfaçon, A. P. (2025). “They’re Unable to See my Decision to Detransition for What it is”: How Detrans Youth Perceive and Receive Discourses on Detransition. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-024-01079-z

Greuel, M., Nguyen, V. K., Amsalem, D., Adam, M., & Bärnighausen, T. (2025). Effect of a Narrative-Based Online Course Aimed at Reducing Stigma Toward Transgender Children and Adolescents: Longitudinal Observational Study. JMIR Formative Research, 9(1), e59605. https://doi.org/10.2196/59605

Grover, S. (2025). Litigating the Child’s Bodily and Psychological Autonomy. In S. Grover (Ed.), Judicial Oppression of Child Rights in Democratic States and by International Human Rights Bodies: A Comparative Perspective (pp. 81–112). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79106-2_3

Henninger, A. (2024). (Hétéro)normer et contrôler : les dispositifs du ministère de l’Éducation vis-à-vis des élèves trans. Etudes japonaises, 2. http://interfas.univ-tlse2.fr/etudes-japonaises/250

Holloway, B. T., & Walls, N. E. (2025). Decentering cisnormativity and transnormativity in transition interruption and detransitioning research. International Journal of Transgender Health, 0(0), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2025.2447963

Kattari, L. (2025). Transformative learning to politicized collective identity: How cisgender parents and caregivers of transgender and gender diverse youth become change makers for TGD justice. Journal of Family Theory & Review, n/a(n/a). https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12608

Koenig, L. J., Gelaude, D., Mizuno, Y., Spikes, P., Carter Jr., J., White, L. S., Randall, L. A., Betley, V., & Tesfaye, C. L. (2025). HIV service use among minoritized racial and ethnic transgender and gender non-conforming youth in the U.S South: a qualitative investigation. AIDS Care, 0(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2025.2456081

Kuzma, E. K., & Yingling, C. T. (2025). Rethinking clinical guidance: the imperative for evidence-based and inclusive practices in managing gender dysphoria in youth. Evidence-Based Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebnurs-2024-104125

Lagrange, C., & Poirier, F. (2024). Accompagner les mineurs trans et/ou en questionnement autour de la préservation de la fertilité : enjeux et perspectives. Médecine de la Reproduction, 26(4), 329–337. https://doi.org/10.1684/mte.2024.1019

Leite, B. O., Magno, L., Greco, D., Grangeiro, A., & Dourado, I. (2025). HIV prevention among adolescents travestis and transgender women in three Brazilian capitals, 2019-2023. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde, 33, e2024321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222024v33e2024321.especial.en

Line, E. C., Zubizarreta, D., Budge, S. L., Watson, R. J., Gordon, A. R., Austin, S. B., & Katz-Wise, S. L. (2025). Minority stress and protective factors for body image concerns and disordered eating among a cohort of transgender and nonbinary youth: A preliminary longitudinal study. International Journal of Transgender Health, 0(0), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2025.2452185

Liz A, S., Blake S, C., Cati S, T., Penelope, S., Simone, M., Hans-Willem, van H., G, C., Julia K, M., & Ashleigh, L. (2025). Mental health assessment of transgender youth - should standardised psychological measures be scored by norms of birth-registered sex? Journal of Psychiatric Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.01.019

MacMullin, L., Mvunga, J., & VanderLaan, D. (2024). Risk and Resilience Among BIPOC Trans Youth: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study. Bulletin of Applied Transgender Studies, 3(3–4). https://doi.org/10.57814/j5s8-tj45

Moron-Puech, B., Wintemute, R., Camaji, L., Menard–Mondon, G., Douailin, O., Danon, N., & Diaz, J. (2025). Droits des personnes transgenres. Quelles difficultés ? Quelles réponses ? https://hal.science/hal-04902090

Mullins, E. S., & Mullins, T. L. K. (2025). Hematologists’ Comfort and Experiences with Providing Care to Transgender Youth. Blood Vessels, Thrombosis & Hemostasis, 100054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bvth.2025.100054

Olson-Kennedy, J., Wang, L., Wong, C. F., Chen, D., Ehrensaft, D., Hidalgo, M. A., Tishelman, A. C., Chan, Y.-M., Garofalo, R., Radix, A. E., & Rosenthal, S. M. (2025). Emotional Health of Transgender Youth 24 Months After Initiating Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy. Journal of Adolescent Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2024.11.014

Pachas, G. N., Reeder, H. T., Evins, A. E., Casottana, K., Borrego Mahiques, M., Bodolay, A., Gray, C. A., Potter, K. W., Keuroghlian, A. S., & Schuster, R. M. (2025). Substance Use, Suicidal Behaviors, and Other Mental Health Outcomes Among Youth With Intersectional Sexual and Gender Diverse Identities. JAACAP Open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaacop.2024.09.011

Pomeranz, R., Young, H., Porter, N. P., Bamatter, W., Batejan, K., Galen, G., Ronzio, B., Shogren, N., Tung, E. S., Worden, P., & Fruzzetti, A. E. (2025). Examining the relationship between emotion dysregulation and gender identity among adolescents in residential or partial hospital DBT treatment. Psychology & Sexuality, 0(0), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/19419899.2025.2450599

Qadri, A. K., & Midha, A. (2025). Exploring the Experiences of Transgender Children from Diverse Backgrounds in India: An Intersectional Approach. JOURNAL OF THE INDIAN ACADEMY OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY, 1(1), 429. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anna-Qadri-2/publication/387680878_Exploring_the_Experiences_of_Transgender_Children_from_Diverse_Backgrounds_in_India_An_Intersectional_Approach/links/67779fb2117f340ec3f00b5b/Exploring-the-Experiences-of-Transgender-Children-from-Diverse-Backgrounds-in-India-An-Intersectional-Approach.pdf

Raab, D., Perry, Y., Lin, A., Hill, J. H. L., & Ohan, J. L. (2025). Lived experiences of empowerment in parents of trans children and adolescents. Journal of Family Psychology, No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0001297

Raab, D., Perry, Y., Lin, A., & Ohan, J. L. (2025). The parent empowerment scale: development and psychometric properties. International Journal of Transgender Health, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2025.2456550

Rehmat, S., Ahmed, D. S. Z., & Sultan, D. S. (2025). Intersectional Stigma’s Consequences on Transgender Students’ Mental Health, Motivation, and Academic Performance. Social Science Review Archives, 3(1), 493–511. https://doi.org/10.70670/sra.v3i1.326

Rodriguez, M., & O’Neil, J. (2025). The Use of Telemedicine by Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 21(2), 105294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2024.105294

Tyni, K., Wurm, M., & Bratt, A. S. (2025). Existential dimensions of the lived experiences of transgender youths 13-16 years in a cisnormative Swedish context. International Journal of Transgender Health, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2024.2440864

Valen, B. M., Orantes, D., Burke, S. E., & Antshel, K. M. (2025). Health disparities among transgender, nonbinary, and cisgender undergraduate students. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, No Pagination Specified-No Pagination Specified. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000815

Watson, R. J., Lawrence, S. E., McCauley, P. S., Wheldon, C. W., Fish, J. N., & Eaton, L. A. (2025). Examining tobacco use at the intersection of gender, sexual orientation, race, and ethnicity using national U.S. data of sexual and gender diverse youth. Addictive Behaviors, 163, 108246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2025.108246

Wilson, J., Heinsch, M., & Canty, J. (2025). Mental health practitioners’ perspectives on supporting transgender and gender diverse youth: a scoping review. International Journal of Transgender Health, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2025.2449952

Xian, S., Dietz, E., & Fabi, R. (2025). Trans Experiences In Healthcare: Testimonial Injustice in Clinical Practice. Voices in Bioethics, 11. https://doi.org/10.52214/vib.v11i.13149

Zoldan, Y., Collard, A., & Rambeaud-Collin, D. (2024). Devenir parent d’un enfant trans ou non-binaire. In 13 films pour comprendre l’identité de genre (pp. 173–186). In Press. https://doi.org/10.3917/pres.souch.2024.03.0173

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